The ifr is a reactor fueled by metal alloy and cooled by liquid sodium. It was a powerreactordevelopment program, built around a revolutionary concept for generating nuclear power not only a new type of reactor, but an entire new nuclear fuel cycle. It seeks to specifically exploit the inherent properties of liquid metal cooling and metallic fuel in a way that leads to substantial improvements in the. The integral fast reactor is an example of a great reactor design that was abandoned in the past due to safety considerations.
This wonderful book by fast reactor pioneers charles till and yoon chang, two of the foundational developers of the ifr during the fabulously productive years of research and development at the argonne national laboratory from the 1980s to. Hall talk licensing the integral fast reactor design ans. The team members are outstanding to work with, very experienced and talented group of people. The integral fast reactor ifr, also known as advanced liquidmetal reactor, is a fast neutron reactor with a very efficient and clean nuclear fuel cycle. Fast flux test facility fftf, 400 mwt, operated flawlessly from 1982 to 1992, at hanford washington. Integral fast reactor ifr, a breeder reactor design long abandoned and which does not exist today anywhere in the world. Fast reactors and related fuel cycles publications iaea. The study of such factors in addition to the detailed design of the reactor consist the chemical reaction engineering. It was once a very active research project of the u. Jan 10, 2017 the integral fast reactor ifr, originally advanced liquidmetal reactor is a design for a nuclear reactor using fast neutrons and no neutron moderator a fast reactor. An integral fast reactor is a liquid metalcooled fast reactor using metal fuel and integrated with an onsite fuel recycling plant. Design reactor is in the middle of a lot of changes, i only left because i got an opportunity i couldnt pass up. Zpprs versatility was demonstrated during a threeyear period in the mid1980s when four diverse reactor cores were tested. Safety and core design of large liquidmetal cooled fast breeder.
Tom blees answers a set of excellent questions posed by a congressional chief of staff. The ifr project developed the technology for a complete system. The integral fast reactor is a design for a nuclear reactor using fast neutrons and no neutron moderator a fast reactor. Swelling, he embrittlement, creep temperature creep, creepfatigue, microstructural stability fuel type fast reactor legacy data swelling, fgr. Sounds like another good old boys meeting of the 60s 80s. The integral fast reactor ifr page from the department of nuclear engineering, university of california at berkeley for informational purposes. There is already enough nuclear waste on earth to meet the worlds energy needs for several hundred years, with scarcely any carbon emissions.
The experimental breeder reactor 2, an integral fast reactor built at argonne labs, ran a liquid sodium core. Integration of all data in qualified performance codes needs to be done. Once the kinetics is known, the reactor design can be made based on material. Feb 28, 2020 im going to be completely biased and say that the leadcooled fast reactor has the most favorable overall characteristics. Fast reactor advocates throw down gauntlet to mit authors.
The russians have the bn 600 and bn 800 fast breeders. Temperature, energy distribution total dose radiation effects. The ebrii and the integral fast reactor to follow it were a superior design of sodiumcooled fast neutron nuclear reactor that were cancelled for. Indeed, this next promotional video about the integral fast reactor shows how old these passive safety technologies are. However, if you go to the resources needed tab of the planner, notice how it requires using 68% of the energy you generate just to recreate the materials used to make the reflectors. It is a mki reactor on uranium or mox, so if built right is 100% stable. Its 10 minutes long and shows how the ifr reprocesses nuclear waste for a reburn, but at 7. Here is a program idea i sent to every member of the senate and 300 members of congress.
We have about 400 reactoryears of real world data and testing with fastbreeders. Fast reactor technology reactors designedbuilt by argonne. There are a number of small modular reactors coming forward requiring fuel enriched at the top. The case for a nearterm commercial demonstration of the. Ifr would breed more fuel and is distinguished by a nuclear fuel cycle that uses reprocessing via electrorefining at the reactor site ifr development began in 1984 and the u. It uses up lapis so fast any normal person wouldnt be able to use it. The conclusions published that report initiated a virtual firestorm of reaction among the members of the integral fast reactor ifr study group who strongly disagreed with the authors. The integral fast reactor is a systems design with a sodiumcooled reactor with metal fuels and pyroprocessing onsite. Hall talk licensing the integral fast reactor design.
The integral fast reactor ifr reactors designedbuilt by. Small nuclear power reactors world nuclear association. Nov 02, 2011 one thought on hall talk licensing the integral fast reactor design deltaguy november 4, 2011 at 14. One thought on hall talk licensing the integral fast reactor design deltaguy november 4, 2011 at 14. Argonne launched the integral fast reactor ifr initiative in 1984 as a new fast reactor technology direction for the future in order to overcome the barriers. Integrated modular water reactor imr design request pdf. The integral fast reactor ifr is a revolutionary reactor design concept developed at argonne national laboratory. Due to the rod types, can be tricky at first to automate, but once you have the idea down its very easy to use and automate. Integral fast reactor a nextgeneration reactor concept. Sefor in arkansas, was a 20 mwt research reactor that operated from 1969 to 1972.
It seeks to specifically exploit the inherent properties of liquid metal cooling and metallic fuel 1n a way that leads to substantial improvements 1n the characteristics of. The integral fast reactor ifr is an innovative liquid metal reactor concept being developed at argonne national laboratory. This fact sheet is intended to set the record straight on the ifr. Fast neutron reactors several countries have research and development programs for improved fast breeder reactors fbr, which are a type of fast neutron reactor. Koshizuka, design of an indirectcycle fast breeder reactor cooled by supercritical steam, nuclear engineering and design, vol. The only currently known concept that can meet all five requirements simultaneously is the advanced fast reactor afr, a system that includes a closed fuel cycle based on pyroprocessing. There are currently 438 nuclear power plants operating in 30 countries and only 1 of these is a fast reactor. It seeks to specifically exploit the inherent properties of liquid metal cooling and metallic fuel in a way that leads to substantial improvements in the characteristics of the complete reactor system. Dec 05, 2011 integral fast reactors can use almost all the rest. The 4th reactor there gets a lot of eu out of each uranium put into it. Baant design and analysis of concrete reactor vessels design and analysis. Core and coreinternal design for integrated modular water reactor imr. Kunstlercast 278 alice friedemann whats up kunstler.
Integral pressurized water reactor ans nuclear cafe. Integral fast reactor and associated fuel cycle system part 3. One advantage of the integral reactor is its ease of construction see text figure 514. The integral fast reactor ifr reactors designedbuilt. Research activities addressing the fuel design of lead fast reactor. I have an allstar team of people i can assemble to debate your position on the urgency of fast reactors top doe brass, nuclear industry, environmental leaders. Sep 28, 2001 the only currently known concept that can meet all five requirements simultaneously is the advanced fast reactor afr, a system that includes a closed fuel cycle based on pyroprocessing. You would also need to run your ifr on a short cycle.
On the other hand, while the channeling or bypassing of some of the catalyst by the reactant stream may not be as fatal to data interpretation in the case of this reactor as in that of the differential reactor, it may still be a problem. Please stop posting this piece of shit reactor design. I will add that there was another advanced reactor design called the integral fast reactor or ifr. Of course, thats the one im working on, but the reason im working on it is that we myself and 20 or so experts from wit. Maritime administration design for its pd108 type cargo ship with the nuclear plant located well forward of amidships. It was a power reactor development program, built around a revolutionary concept for generating nuclear power not only a new type of reactor, but an entire new nuclear fuel cycle.
A fastneutron reactor fnr or simply a fast reactor is a category of nuclear reactor in which the fission chain reaction is sustained by fast neutrons carrying energies above 0. For all irreversible reactions of greater than zero order, the volume of the reactor approaches. Department of energy, and even a prototype called experimental breeder reactorii was build in argonne national laboratory. The integral fast reactor ifr is a fourth generation nuclear design that provides a clean, inexhaustible source of power, cheap, with virtually no waste, inherently safe if you remove the cooling, it shuts down rather than melts down, and the added benefit that it consumes the nuclear waste from other nuclear plants that we cant figure. Each cycle of that reactor uses 21 stacks of lapis. The reactor part of that fuel cycle was called the almr. A piece of the sun nuclear fusion future tense abc. Kineticsreactor design learncheme educational resources. Id like to make a more efficient reactor design before building one if.
The concept is a unitized primary coolant system in which the reactor core, the pressurizer, the reactor coolant pumps. The integral fast reactor concept envisioned that pyroprocessing spent fuel would take place in a facility adjacent to a reactor and some radioactive transuranium elements would remain mixed with the plutonium, making the otherwise separated plutonium less vulnerable to theft. On april 3, 1986, two tests demonstrated the inherent safety of the ifr concept. The integral fast reactor ifr, originally advanced liquidmetal reactor is a design for a nuclear reactor using fast neutrons and no neutron moderator a fast reactor. With the cancellation of the crbr project, the entire fast reactor technology development program was in danger being phased out gradually. I have a decent design that will give me a little over 500 million eu, but its very uranium heavy 27 quad uranium cells total. Koshizuka, design of an indirectcycle fast breeder reactor cooled by supercritical steam, nuclear engineering and. The reactor part of that fuel cycle was called the almr advanced liquid metal reactor.
These use the uranium238 in reactor fuel as well as the fissile u235 isotope used in most reactors. Two designs of sodiumcooled fast reactors sfr are currently in practice, viz. The experimental breeder reactori ebri was the first liquid metal cooled fast reactor and it was the first reactor built on the national reactor testing station nrts in idaho. Im going to be completely biased and say that the leadcooled fast reactor has the most favorable overall characteristics. It was killed by jim kunstlers hair cut looking for a brain john kerry with the support of antinuke democrats and republicans owned by the coal industry. The integral fast reactor ifr is a fast reactor system developed at argonne national laboratory in the decade 1984 to 1994. Sodiumcooled fast reactor an overview sciencedirect topics. Batch and semibatch reactors batch reactor at constant volume. Nuclear weapons and generation 4 reactors friends of the earth.
So i started going from the above reactor design to this simple one, which is 100% profit. Feb 19, 2008 the integral fast reactor concept envisioned that pyroprocessing spent fuel would take place in a facility adjacent to a reactor and some radioactive transuranium elements would remain mixed with the plutonium, making the otherwise separated plutonium less vulnerable to theft. This can be safer than water, as the sodium coolant runs at room pressure rather than very high pressure water. The reactor concept had important features and characteristics that were completely. Such a reactor needs no neutron moderator, but requires fuel that is relatively rich in fissile material when compared to. The new integral design of the pwr did finally confer upon designers an ability to consider a wide range of locations for the reactor. The concept is a unitized primary coolant system in which the reactor. The integral fast reactor was i think the single most invested energy research project in the history of the us. Integral fast reactor wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. The afr concept is being developed at argonne national laboratory, as an extension of earlier work done on the integral fast reactor ifr.
The integral fast reactor ifr is a fourth generation nuclear design that provides a clean, inexhaustible source of power, cheap, with virtually no waste, inherently safe if you remove the cooling, it shuts down rather than melts down. It seeks to specifically exploit the inherent properties of liquid metal cooling and metallic fuel 1n a way that leads to substantial improvements 1n the characteristics of the complete reactor system. Ifr would breed more fuel and is distinguished by a nuclear fuel cycle that uses reprocessing via electrorefining at the reactor site. There is no difference, but the integral part of integral fast reactor refers to the systems design that includes onsite pyroprocessing of the nuclear fuel. Integral fast reactor how is integral fast reactor. We can bridge to the integral fast reactor with the new westinghouse reactor. The mcmaster nuclear reactor is a 2mw pooltype distilled water reactor with enriched uranium fuel, up grated to 5 mw, flux of 1e14 neutrons cm 2. Emphasis is placed in this lecture on the developments made at northwestern university and at argonne national laboratory. Reactors jordan university of science and technology. Yes, it can solve the waste storage problem completely if adopted widely. The safe integral reactor sir tm is an innovative pressurized water reactor pwr design with enhanced safety which has been developed jointly by abb combustion engineering, inc.
Proceedings of 11th international conference on nuclear engineering, 2023 june 2003, p. What are the best generation 4 nuclear reactor designs. In any manufacturing process where there is a chemical change. The integral fast reactor ifr project in the decade from 1984 to 1994, scientists at argonne national laboratory developed an advanced technology that promised safe nuclear power unlimited by fuel supplies, with a waste product sharply reduced both in radioactive lifetime and amount. However, 20 fast reactors have operated in the 50 years. The ebrii and the integral fast reactor to follow it were a superior design of sodiumcooled fast neutron nuc. Experimental breeder reactor ii ebrii was a prototype for the integral fast reactor, 19651994. Feb 19, 2008 here is a program idea i sent to every member of the senate and 300 members of congress. Reactors reactions are usually the heart of the chemical processes in which relatively cheap raw materials. The integral fast reactor ifr an unfulfilled promise. Several of the integral pwr designs below have some similarities. Today, however, cost rather than safety may be the current most significant factor for the drawback of the ifr.
Integral fast reactors and other fourth generation nuclear power concepts have. Major fast reactor options there are four major fast reactor options, and innovative designs of each one of them are presented in this booklet. A critical technology for controlling climate change. A separate fact sheet answering the misleading statements made in the. I love this design, as it is the most efficient for plutonium production i have seen, at 44 rods per reactor. Basic objectives in design of a reactor in chemical engineering physical operations such as fluid flow, heat transfer, mass transfer and separation processes play a very large part. Integral fast reactor ifr nuclear power q and a brave. Jan 19, 2017 the new integral design of the pwr did finally confer upon designers an ability to consider a wide range of locations for the reactor. Modular nuclear reactors are a great idea for many reasons. Integral fast reactors can use almost all the rest.
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